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1
What Makes a Family Happy?

    When people discuss family problems, I always think of my brother, his wife and children.
    My brother's forty-five now, and my sister-in-law's forty-two. They aren't very old, are they? But they've already got a little grandson and are very happy about it.
    My brother met his wife at college when they were both in their first year. He was twenty-one then, and she was eighteen.
    When they got married, their life wasn't easy, of course. Their first child was born when they were still at college. It was so difficult for them to look after the baby and be good students at the same time! They did all the jobs in turn: one of them went to college and the other stayed with the baby. Their parents couldn't help them much, because they both went out to work. But isn't it funny — when their son was only two years old, they decided to have another baby! Now their elder son's already married and has a little son. Their daughter is finishing school this year, and wants to be a teacher. They are a happy family!

in-laws [':]	родственники со стороны мужа(жены)
sister-in-law [' :]	жена брата
brother-in-law [' :]	муж сестры
mother-in-law [' :]	теща, свекровь
father-in-law [': :]	тесть, свекор
son-in-law	зять
daughter-in-law	невестка
grandmother ['] (уменьш. grannie)	бабушка
grandfather (уменьш. granddad ['])	дедушка
grandchild	внук, внучка;
мн. ч. grandchildren	внуки
grandson [']	внук
granddaughter [':]	внучка
elder	старший (о братьях, сестрах и детях)

2
Is Life Dull Without a Hobby?

    It's very pleasant to have an interesting job and learn to do it well. But so many people can't live without a hobby! Some take photos or make films and slides, and spend a lot of time with their cameras, others dance or sing...
    One of my friends collects stamps. He's already got over three thousand stamps from different countries: Great Britain and the United States. Holland and Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland, China and Japan. Such a lot of lovely stamps of different sizes and colours! My friend keeps his stamps in albums, and is very careful with them. The stamps help him to learn a lot of interesting things about the countries of the wond, their peoples, dates and events. When people ask him questions, he's ready to give answers and explanations, and it's always Interesting to listen to him. Isn't it an excellent example of a useful hobby!

over ['()] (предлог)	1. над 2. свыше
Ant under There was a lovely lamp over the table. He spoke for over an hour.

Denmark [':]	Дания
Danish ['] She's Danish. (= She's a Dane.)	датский; датский язык Она датчанка.
Holland (= the Netherlands ['])	Голландия Нидерланды
Dutch He's Dutch, not Danish. (= He's a Dutchman, not a Dane.)	голландский; голландский язык Он голландец, а не датчанин.
Sweden [':]	Швеция
Swedish She's Swedish. (= She's a Swede.) a Swedish hockey team	шведский; шведский язык Она шведка.
Switzerland ['] Swiss a Swiss watch; Swiss cheese The company is Swedish, not Swiss.	Швейцария швейцарский; швейцарец Эта компания шведская, а не швейцарская.

the north [:]	север
the south []	юг
the west  []	запад
the east  [:]	восток

They live in the north of England.
That place is to the south of London.

В географических названиях эти слова пишутся с большой буквы, например:

3
What Do you Know about International Organizations?

international [,']	международный
organize [':]	организовать
organization [,:']	организация
member countries	страны-участницы
economic [,']	экономический
political [']	политический
conflict [']	конфликт
peaceful [':]	мирный
means	средство, средства
by peaceful means	мирными средствами
role	роль
representative [,']	представитель
develop [']	развивать, развиваться
developing	развивающийся
development	развитие
collect [']	собирать
information ['] (about, on)	(неисчисл.) информация, сведения

At a Pub

    A pub is typically English. It Is a place where an Englishman goes to relax after a day's work. You can see all kinds of people In a pub: men, women, factory workers, teachers, doctors and policemen.
    What do all those people do? They drink beer, meet their friends and discuss the news of the day. They can also have a meal there.
    Even in large cities every pub (or "local") has Its regular customers (or "regulars") who go there every night. The barman knows them well, and they know each other. So they usually drink their beer and talk together. They sometimes play dominoes or a game called darts. There's a piano in many pubs, and on Saturday nights the customers occasionally stand round it and sing. The pianist is usually one of the customers. He plays, and the people who sing to his music or listen usually pay for his drinks. That is the custom.
    Pubs usually open at ten in the morning and are closed from two to six p.m. Before two a lot of people go to pubs for lunch. At six the pubs open again and slay open till ten thirty.
    Many English pubs are very old, and have interesting names like "The White Horse", The Porridge Pot", "The Pig and Whistle" and others. There is usually a sign over the pub door with a picture illustrating its name.

pub	паб — английская пивная, закусочная, своею рода клуб для местных жителей
relax [']	отдохнуть, расслабиться
local [']	местный
regular [':]	постоянный
who	который (вводит определительное придаточное предпсже-ние, относящееся к одушевленному существительному в ед. или мн. числе)
customer [']	зд. посетитель, клиент
dominoes [']	домино
darts	дротики (игра)
custom [']	обычай
horse [:]	лошадь
porridge [']	каша
pot	котелок, горшок
pig	свинья
whistle [']	свисток
sign []	вывеска
illustrate [']	иллюстрировать

5
Jumbo

    Many years ago the London Zoo had a young elephant from Africa. His name was Jumbo. The elephant was very small, and lots of people went to the Zoo to see him. The elephant grew very quickly. Soon he learnt to carry children on his back.
    One day a rich American saw Jumbo and decided to buy him and take him to America to show him in the circus. He paid the London Zoo two thousand dollars for Jumbo. When the people of London heard about it, they wrote letters to the newspapers and there were protest meetings. But neither letters nor meetings helped.
    The day came when Jumbo slowly walked to London Port. There were a lot of people In the streets who came to say good-bye to their friend.
    Jumbo went to America on a ship. In America he was a circus elephant. He learnt to carry things from one place to another and he danced. He was very popular and he lived a long life.
    His name is still in the English language. We say "a jumbo-jet" when we speak of a big passenger plane and when we want to say tinat a thing is very big, we say it's "jumbo-sized".

Zoo [:]	зоопарк
elephant [']	слон
carry	носить
circus [':]	цирк
back (сущ.)	спина
protest meeting	митинг протеста
jet	реактивный самолет

6
A Few Examples of English Humour

1.
A. Why do you borrow that guitar from the man next door? You cant play it!
B. I know, but while I have it, he can't play it either.

2.
A. Excuse me, sir. Who's that ugly woman near the window? Who could It be?
B. She's my aunt, sir.
A. Oh, it must be a mistake! Not the pleasant lady on the right! The unpleasant fat woman on the left!
B. That, sir, is my wife.

3.
   The English know how to make tea, and what it does for you.
    Seven cups of it wake you up in the morning, nine cups put you to sleep at night. If you are hot, tea makes you cool, and if you are cold, it makes you warm.
    If you take it in the middle of the morning, it 'stimulates you for work; if you drink it in the afternoon, it helps you to relax. If a spoon stands up in the tea, it's good tea, If the spoon starts to fall, you cannot call it tea.

spoon [:] a teaspoon; a tablespoon	ложка
borrow [']	одалживать, брать взаймы
while []	в то время как
humour [':()]	юмор
cool [:]	прохладный

A Letter from the Authors of this Book

Dear Students,

    You've completed the initial stage of learning English. Congratulations! You've learnt all the English sounds and letters, a lot of English words and expressions and quite a lot of grammar rules. You can already ask and answer all kinds of questions in English, you can discuss important things such as your work, family, holidays and hobbies, and speak on many other subjects. Have you read any English books yet? If not, it's the right time to begin. You cant read all English books, of course, but if the book's easy enough, you can read it and enjoy it. If there are words which  you don't know, you can look them up in the dictionary. You have to learn to use the dictionary — you have to! It's a very useful thing to do, and it's interesting, too!
    Sometimes students ask this question: "Can we learn to speak English fluently and without mistakes? Is it possible to think of the way to express our ideas, the grammar, pronunciation and intonation, all at the same time?" The answer is: "It's quite possible." Many of you can drive a car, can't you? When you drive a car you must do several things at the same time and do them very carefully, without mistakes: you drive your car, you watch the traffic lights, the road signs, the policemen controlling the traffic, the people crossing the road, and other cars, lorries and buses. You can't break the rules, and you can't stop your car in the middle of the road. How were you able to learn to do it all at the same time? If you were able to do that, you can certainly learn to speak English without mistakes. You have only just begun, but a good beginning is very important. An English proverb says, "Well begun is half done." There's a lot of work ahead, but we're sure you can manage. Good luck!

The Authors

which — который (вводит определительные придаточные предложения, относящиеся к неодушевленному существительному в ед. и мн. числе)

author [':]	автор
complete [':]	закончить
initial [']	начальный
stage []	стадия
Congratulations! [,']	Поздравляем!
expression [']	выражение
such as	такие как
fluently [']	бегло
possible [']	возможный
impossible [']	невозможный
pronunciation [,']	произношение
intonation [']	интонация
road sign []	дорожный знак
break []	зд. нарушать
proverb [':] Well begun Is half done.	пословица досл. Хорошо начато — наполовину сделано. (ср. русск. Доброе начало полдела откачало.)
ahead [']	впереди
manage [']	справиться